Can Watercourse Groups Reduce Nutrient Losses?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Nutrient losses from agricultural land constitute an important part of the total flow of nutrient to lakes and seas in Sweden and the Baltic region. With the EU Directive on water, to be implemented shortly throughout Europe, the expectations on what can be achieved through the decentralisation of various responsibilities from authorities to groups in the civil society is increasing. An important organizational unit in this context could be local Watercourse Groups, WCGs, formed by farmers within a local sub-catchment. The aim of this paper is to present a qualitative description of the institutional framework surrounding WCGs in Sweden today, and point out possible directions for future research. It presents the results from a pilot study of WCGs formed in the Emå river catchment carried out spring and summer 2001. The institutional analysis is organised around four themes; the institutional landscape, goals and goal formulation, the space of action and the problem of free riding within WCGs. Within which institutional framework can local entities of collective action function? Which factors impedes/facilitates the emergence of such entities? Which incentives affect individual decision-making regarding collective action? How much responsibilities can be decentralised to these groups? Abstract (in Swedish)in Swedish) Näringsförluster från jordbruksmark är en stor källa till det totala flödet av näringsämnen till sjöar och hav i Sverige och den Baltiska regionen. Med det nya EU-direktivet om vatten, som inom kort ska implementeras över hela Europa, har förväntningarna på vad som kan uppnås genom samverkan och decentralisering av ansvarsområden från myndigheter till grupper i det civila samhället ökat. En viktig typ av sådana grupper är s.k. vattendragsgrupper bildade av lokala lantbrukare. Syftet med denna rapport är att presentera en kvalitativ beskrivning av det institutionella landskap som omger svenska vattendragsgrupper idag, samt att indikera relevanta områden för framtida forskning. Resultaten är härledda från en pilotstudie genomförd i Emåns avrinningsområde våren och sommaren 2001. Den institutionella analysen är organiserad kring fyra teman; det institutionella landskapet, mål och målformulering, manöverutrymme samt problemet med gratisåkande i vattendragsgrupper. I vilka institutionella landskap kan lokala enheter av kollektivt handlande fungera? Vilka faktorer hindrar/underlättar framväxten av sådana enheter? Vilka skäl påverkar individuellt beslutsfattande kring kollektivt handlande? Hur mycket ansvar kan decentraliseras till vattendragsgrupper?
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