Strategic Experimentation and Knowledge Management

INTRODUCTION Historically, the focus of IT infrastructure has been to capture the knowledge of experts in a centralized repository (Davenport & Prusak, 1998; Grover & Davenport, 2001). These centralized databases contained knowledge that was explicit and historical (e.g., competitor pricing, market share), and the IT infrastructure served to facilitate functional decision-making or to automate routine tasks (i.e., in re-engineering). The users of technology approached the repository to obtain data in a narrowly defined domain (Broadbent et al. 1999). Consequently, IT originally played a significant yet ultimately limited role in the strategy creation process. Management information systems (MIS) arguably generated information that was less applicable to strategy creation, as noted in early writings on the linkage between The active management of knowledge was similarly underdeveloped. Despite the fact that strategic decision makers had always emphasized the role of tacit knowledge, the actual importance of knowledge was not explicitly recognized. Formalized knowledge management (KM) (Davenport & Prusak, 1998), with its associated terminology and tools, is a recent development and, as such, did not inform the strategic planning process. However, the shifts that have taken place in IT infrastructures over the last decade and the recent developments in knowledge management have brought them closer to the creators of strategy. Indeed, both IT and knowledge management are increasingly enablers in the contemporary strategic management practice. 1. IT infrastructure is transitioning in its focus from the functional work unit to a process orientation. Whereas computer systems were once the focal point, the new infrastructure is network-centric, with an emphasis on business knowledge (Broadbent et al., 1999). For example, traditional search engines utilized rule-based reasoning to identify elements matching specific search criteria; the " state-of-the-art " knowledge management systems employ case-based search techniques to identify all relevant knowledge components meeting the user's request (Grover & Davenport, 2001). 2. IT now takes into account contexts that include cross-functional experts that are knowledgeable in a wide variety of potentially relevant issues. Additionally, there is a greater emphasis on the integration of infrastructure with organization, structure, culture (Gold et al., 2001), and organizational roles (Davenport & Prusak, 1998). In many ways, the newer IT infrastructures have enabled the garnering of explicit knowledge throughout the organization improving the speed of strategy creation. The objective of this article is to outline how the developments in IT and KM are facilitating the evolution of strategic management to strategic experimentation in order to …