Acoustic characteristics of forage fish species in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea based on Kirchhoff-approximation models

نویسندگان

  • Stéphane Gauthier
  • John K. Horne
چکیده

Acoustic surveys are routinely used to assess fish abundance. To ensure accurate population estimates, the characteristics of echoes from constituent species must be quantified. Kirchhoff-ray mode (KRM) backscatter models were used to quantify acoustic characteristics of Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska pelagic fish species: capelin (Mallotus villosus), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius), and eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus). Atka mackerel and eulachon do not have swimbladders. Acoustic backscatter was estimated as a function of insonifying frequency, fish length, and body orientation relative to the incident wave front. Backscatter intensity and variance estimates were compared to examine the potential to discriminate among species. Based on relative intensity differences, species could be separated in two major groups: fish with gas-filled swimbladders and fish without swimbladders. The effects of length and tilt angle on echo intensity depended on frequency. Variability in target strength (TS) resulting from morphometric differences was high for species without swimbladders. Based on our model predictions, a series of TS to length equations were developed for each species at the common frequencies used by fisheries acousticians. Résumé : Les inventaires acoustiques sont utilisés régulièrement pour estimer l’abondance des poissons. Pour obtenir des estimations précises, les caractéristiques des échos provenant des différentes espèces doivent être quantifiées. Des modèles de réflexion acoustique fondées sur l’approximation de Kirchhoff ont été utilisés pour mesurer les propriétés acoustiques de plusieurs espèces dans le Golf de l’Alaska et la Mer de Béring : le capelan (Mallotus villosus), le hareng du Pacifique (Clupea pallasii), la goberge de l’Alaska (Theragra chalcogramma), le maquereau Atka (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) et l’eulakane (Thaleichthys pacificus). Le maquereau Atka et l’eulakane n’ont pas de vessies natatoires. La rétro-diffusion acoustique a été estimée en fonction de la fréquence sonore, de la taille et de l’orientation des poissons. L’intensité des échos et leur variance ont été comparées pour examiner la possibilité de discerner les espèces. Nous avons découvert que les espèces peuvent être séparées en deux groupes selon la présence ou l’absence de vessie natatoire. L’incidence de la taille et de l’orientation sur l’intensité des échos dépendaient de la fréquence sonore. La variabilité de l’indice de réflexion (IR) due aux différences morphométriques était élevée pour les espèces sans vessie. Des équations mettant en rapport la taille des poissons et l’IR ont été élaborées pour chaque espèce en fonction des fréquences sonores les plus couramment utilisées. Gauthier and Horne 1850

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Potential acoustic discrimination within boreal fish assemblages

Differences in the acoustic characteristics of forage fish species in the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea were examined using Kirchhoff ray-mode (KRM) backscatter models. Our goal was to identify species-specific characteristics and metrics that facilitate the discrimination of species using acoustic techniques. Five fish species were analyzed: capelin (Mallotus villosus), Pacific herring (Cl...

متن کامل

Emerging patterns of species richness, diversity, population density, and distribution in the skates (Rajidae) of Alaska

Abstrac t —Six years of bottomtrawl survey data, including over 6000 trawls covering over 200 km2 of bottom area throughout Alaska’s subarctic marine waters, were analyzed for patterns in species richness, diversity, density, and distribution of skates. The Bering Sea continental shelf and slope, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska regions were stratified by geographic subregion and depth. Spe...

متن کامل

Midwater Fish Surveys at the AFSC

chalcogramma) stocks in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska since 1979. As fisheries acoustic methodology has matured, acoustic research at the APSC has involved refinements in equipment and techniques. Whereas early echosounders and echo integrators were subject to the drifts associated with the use of analogue electronic circuitry and were limited by system dynamic range, modern units utilized ...

متن کامل

A Comparison of the Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, and Aleutian Islands Large Marine Ecosystems Through Food Web Modeling

Detailed mass balance food web models were constructed to compare ecosystem characteristics for three Alaska regions: the eastern Bering Sea (EBS), the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), and the Aleutian Islands (AI). This paper documents the methods and data used to construct the models and compares ecosystem structure and indicators across models. The common modeling framework, including biomass pool and ...

متن کامل

Using multi-species surplus production models to estimate ecosystem-level maximum sustainable yields

We used time series of biomass and catches for the major commercial groundfish stocks in the Eastern Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands region and in he Gulf of Alaska to compute annual surplus production for 1977–2004. Annual surplus production and average annual biomass were aggregated cross stocks within each region to examine the relationship between total surplus production and total aggregated b...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2004