Radioprotection and Molecular Therapy
نویسنده
چکیده
The dose limiting toxicities of Ionizing Radiation (IR) in radiosensitive normal tissues, such as bone marrow, intestine, and skin, precludes the delivery of curative or effective palliative doses of radiation in many cases. Despite of the intense research effort in the past to find new effective and well-tolerated radioprotectors, only one drug has been approved by FDA for this indication. One of the critical challenges for this research area is the inherent dilemma associated with radioprotection in radiation therapy, i.e., the need to protect normal tissues without diminishing the therapeutic effect of IR on cancer cells. An even more challenging task for researchers is to find radioprotectors that may simultaneously sensitize cancer cells to IR. Traditional radioprotective strategies rely upon counter measures that prevent IR injuries (such as free radical scavengers) or stimulating the post-IR growth with growth factors [1]. These approaches largely do not discriminate normal and cancer cells. The only currently FDA approved radioprotective drug, Amiphostine, mitigates radiation toxicities through mechanisms such as free radical scavenging and induction of intracellular hypoxia [2]. Although Amiphostine has not been reported to protect tumor cells from the effect of IR, other side effects associated with Amiphostine have precluded its wide clinical use [2].
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