PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ZOONOTIC Salmonella Typhimurium AND Salmonella Enteritidis

...........................................................................................ii ABSTRAK..............................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................x CONTENTS............................................................................................xi LIST OF FIGURES. .................................................................................xviii LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................xxii ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................xxiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Introduction...............................................................................1 1.2 Objectives............................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Salmonella background...........................................................................5 2.1.1 History and Nomenclature.................................................................5 2.1.2 Morphology and characteristics............................................................6 2.2 Salmonella Pathogenesis...........................................................................7 2.3 Zoonotic Salmonella................................................................................9 2.4 Emergence of multidrug-resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis strains.....................................................................9 2.5 Methods of bacterial typing and identification..................................................13 2.5.1 Phenotypic Methods........................................................................13 2.5.1.1 Biotyping..............................................................................13