Atypical fibroxanthoma: a series of 56 tumors and an unexplained uneven distribution of cases in southeast Germany.

BACKGROUND Atypical fibroxanthoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the head and neck region. METHODS We analyzed the files of 3 large dermatology hospitals from the years 2001 to 2013 in southeast Germany. RESULTS We identified 53 patients (56 tumors) with a male predominance. The mean age was 78.0 years ± 8.3 years. Mohs surgery was performed in all cases resulting in complete remission in 45 patients. Five patients had a relapse within 2 years, and 4 developed metastases. None of the tumors with a safety margin of ≥2 cm relapsed. The majority of cases were found in the Dresden region. CONCLUSION Atypical fibroxanthoma demonstrates an uneven geographic distribution in southeast Germany that demands further investigations. Mohs surgery with ≥2 cm safety margins is the treatment of choice. A regular follow-up is recommended.