West Germany admits it knew of Libyan chemical plant

knew-it-all-along effect

1854 People often have difficulty retrospectively determining the level of knowledge they had prior to acquiring new knowledge (e.g., Fischhoff, 1975; Hasher, Attig, & Alba, 1981; Wood, 1978). Fischhoff (1977) coined the phrase knew-it-all-along (KIA) effect to describe this phenomenon, although it also is commonly referred to as hindsight bias. In a typical KIA paradigm, participants respond t...

But he knew it was wrong: evaluating adolescent culpability.

Forensic psychiatric evaluators of adolescent defendants are often asked to address open-ended questions that affect what court an adolescent will be tried in and what sentence he might receive. Such questions often involve the extent to which the adolescent should be considered less culpable than an adult who has committed a similar offense. Assessing partial or diminished culpability in an ad...

The treatment of the air pollution problem within the chemical industry of West Germany.

1. Legislation and consequences. Federal Law for Preservation of Clean Air 1959, Technical Instructions 1964, Provisional Law 1965, Law for Protection from Ground Pollution; Smog Warning System. Monetary consequences. 2. Principal problems in the chemical industry. Characterization: manifold, non-uniform production; alterable products; modification of processes; temporary and quantitative fluct...

Just when you thought you knew it all...

Cohabiting unions in France and West Germany

This paper compares the non-marital birth pattern in France and West Germany. Since the beginning of the eighties, France witnessed a steady increase in non-marital birth rates, while in West Germany non-marital birth rates have remained at a relatively low level. We attribute these differences to the institutional and legal constraints from both sides of the Rhine which hamper or foster childb...