Up-conversion charging dynamics exampled by Mn<sup>2+</sup>-activated persistent phosphor

Persistent phosphor as a kind of light-emitting material can store excitation energy in the so-called traps, and then persistently release form light emission after end excitation. This is called persistent luminescence. Much attention has been paid to optimizing performance phosphors, including wavelength time. However, research on for charging phosphors relatively lacking. To acquire luminescence effectively, traps need be filled typically by ionizing irradiation. That is, high-energy (such ultraviolet light) general requirement phosphors. Taking into account fact that low-energy illumination (e.g. visible or infrared much more suitable less harmful than some practical applications, taking advantage therefore an urgent issue solved area. Several approaches have reported, which up-conversion (UCC) promising candidate using sources. The definition UCC follows: non-linear storage are via two-step ionization mechanism. Prior focused primarily demonstration associated trapping properties. Recently, researchers realized may trapped electrons while filling (i.e. excitation-light stimulated detrapping). Competition between detrapping during roughly described assumption dose certain range effect ambient-temperature negligible. Despite initial progress, exact process needs further explored. Here we demonstrate dynamics rate equation approach. Accordingly, LaMgGa<sub>11</sub>O<sub>19</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup> illuminated 450 nm laser example, measure its thermoluminescence. Our measurements reveal competition depends both power duration. experimental results consistent well with theoretical predictions, thereby offering new insight understanding UCC. In addition, allows us explore generality present model. expect existing now revisited.