Transient simulation of melt flow, clogging, and clog fragmentation inside SEN during steel continuous casting

Abstract Clogging of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) during continuous casting steel is an undesirable phenomenon leading to different problems like flow blockage, slag entrainment, nonuniform solidification, etc. A transient numerical model for clogging based on Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was developed and it covers the main steps clogging: (a) formation first oxide layer by chemical reactions steel-refractory interface; (b) motion non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) due turbulent melt towards SEN wall; (c) interactions between melt, NMI, (d) growth clog deposition NMIs front flow-clog interactions; (e) detachment/fragmentation a part drag force. in industrial scale simulated. The simulated compared with real as-clogged SENs. modeling results have successfully explained induced mold region, i.e. transition from stable unstable non-symmetrical flow.