Towards engineering heart tissues from bioprinted cardiac spheroids

Abstract Current in vivo and vitro models fail to accurately recapitulate the human heart microenvironment for biomedical applications. This study explores use of cardiac spheroids (CSs) biofabricate advanced heart. CSs were created from myocytes, fibroblasts endothelial cells (ECs), mixed within optimal alginate/gelatin hydrogels then bioprinted on a microelectrode plate drug testing. Bioprinted maintained their structure viability at least 30 d after printing. Vascular growth factor (VEGF) promoted EC branching hydrogels. Alginate/gelatin-based enabled fusion, which was further facilitated by addition VEGF. contracted spontaneously under stimulation, allowing record contractile electrical signals plates industrial Taken together, our findings indicate that can be used tissues long term has potential biochemical, physiological pharmacological features tissue.