The Preliminary Research on Shifts in Maize Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities and Symbiotic Networks under Different Fertilizer Sources

The use of chemical fertilizer along with organic is an important agricultural practice that improves crop yield but also affects soil biogeochemical cycles. In this study, a maize field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects NPK (NPK), (OF), and their combination (NPK+OF) on properties, bacterial fungal community structures, diversity compared control (CK, without any fertilizer). results showed application OF NPK-combined increased matter (OM), total N, P, available K levels. For alpha analyses, fertilizers led decreases in Shannon indices (except for fungi). Compared CK, NPK, OF, NPK+OF fertilization treatments significantly abundances Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Basidiomycota. Network analysis produced fewer connections among microbial taxa, especially OF. A redundancy combined Mantel test further found OM, N P were main soil-fertility factors driving variations. Therefore, using or biological improve status C, promising method maintain balance microorganisms field.