Temporomandibular joint biomechanics and equine incisor occlusal plane maintenance

In equine dentistry, the physiological incisor occlusal surface is visually perceived as a plane with distinct inclination to head’s coronal plane, extending rostro-ventrally caudo-dorsally. To better understand formation of this inclined and its connection dental wear, we investigated hypothesis that it arises from masticatory movements considerable distance between mandibular articular heads surfaces, acting three points support for mandibles. Leveraging data large-scale clinical study involving static dynamic orthodontic measurements in horses, approximated movement range where occlusion wear occur. By introducing testing segment coordinate system, explored possible angular deviations caused by roll pitch rotations during two lateral patterns, protrusion retrusion. Theoretical biomechanical calculations simulations confirmed visual perception plane. further examine our assumptions, employed simple mechanical simulator assess normal provoked malocclusions (diagonal, smile, frown bite) modifying temporomandibular joint (TMJ) patterns. The results investigations were corroborated both theoretical analysis simulations, strengthening understanding basis behind maintenance horses. These findings have significant implications health contribute thorough TMJ dynamics.