Rock Mass and Pore Fluid Response in Deep Mining: A Field Monitoring Study at Inclined Longwalls

The dynamics of stress, deformation and pore pressure in the surrounding strata underground mines are fundamental importance to groundwater gas emission management. Compared numerous studies on overlying strata, there significantly fewer investigations concerning underlying particularly involving large-scale field monitoring. This paper presents a comprehensive monitoring study conducted at two longwall panels with depth around 800 m an inclination angle 21°. program focused floor within 50 below mining operation, but also covered roof close roadway. purpose was characterise favourable zone for extraction from coal seams. A combination stressmeters, extensometers piezometers were deployed installed underground. monitored results demonstrated that stress change exhibited three-stage variation—increase, decrease recovery—during which deformed changed correspondingly. Strata expansion occurred primarily region 0–35 behind face vertically least 42 below. Some predictive methods failure used shallow analysed determine if they still applicable m.