Review of Mercury’s dynamic magnetosphere: Post-MESSENGER era and comparative magnetospheres

This review summarizes the research of Mercury's magnetosphere in Post-MESSENGER era and compares its dynamics to those other planetary magnetospheres, especially Earth's magnetosphere. starts by introducing planet Mercury, including interplanetary environment, magnetosphere, exosphere, conducting core. The frequent intense magnetic reconnection on dayside magnetopause, which is represented flux transfer event "shower", reviewed how they depend magnetosheath plasma beta shear angle across following contribute circulation magnetosphere-surface-exosphere coupling. In next, progress under extreme solar events, core induction erosion responses nightside are reviewed. Then, dawn-dusk properties sheet, features ions, structure current reconnection, summarized. last topic reviews particle energization includes Kelvin-Helmholtz waves magnetopause boundaries, reconnection-generated structures, cross-tail electric field. each chapter, section discusses open questions related with topic, can be considered simulations future spacecraft mission. We close summarizing BepiColombo opportunities, a joint mission between ESA JAXA, en route Mercury.