Revealing ecosystem services relationships and their driving factors for five basins of Beijing

A clear understanding of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is foundation for sustainable urban management. Quantitatively identifying factors that influence ES trade-offs and synergies can contribute to deepening research, from knowledge building decision making. This study simulated soil conservation, water yield carbon sequestration in Beijing, China, 2015–2018. The spatial these three ESs within five major river basins Beijing were explored using geographically weighted regression. Furthermore, geographical detector was applied quantitatively identify driving mechanism environmental synergies. results show following: (1) between conservation yield, as well sequestration, mainly trade-offs. There a synergy sequestration. (2) Regarding trade-off/synergy dominant influencing factor temperature/elevation, interactions trade-off two Chaobai River Basin are all manifested superposition precipitation potential evapotranspiration, temperature, elevation. (3) Topographic relationship its basins. As result distribution systems hydrological characteristics basins, differences observed effects different combinations interaction on (4) Temperature had strongest explanatory power terms temperature elevation affecting Beijing. Overall, degree coexist with consistency differences. Therefore, quantitative basin-scale important management promotion