Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Third Edition

health communication what it is and what is not

Globalisation: what is it and how does it affect health?

The term "globalisation" tends to be misused and overused. We need greater clarity in our understanding of the globalisation process, including the distinct changes involved and their relation to human health. The health impacts of globalisation are simultaneously positive and negative, varying according to factors such as geographical location, sex, age, ethnic origin, education level, and soc...

Biometeorology: What It Is and How It Affects Our Health

Ahallmark of holistic medicine is that its practices take into account an individual’s total internal, social, and external environment when consider ing disease prevention and treatment. The interdisciplinary science of biometeorology studies the effects of weather and cl imate on organisms’ adaptation mechanisms and the consequences of human and natural impacts on the atmosphere. Although the...

Platelet Refractoriness and how it is formed

Abstract Background and Objectives Transfusion of platelet has become one of the main treatments for thrombocytopenic patients to reduce the severity and frequency of bleeding consequences. Failure to attain the desired level of platelets in a patient following platelet transfusion is defined as platelet refractoriness. The purpose of present paper is to review and study the mechanisms involve...

How it acts, how it works

Interferon beta (IFNβ) and glatiramer acetate (GA) were the first immunomodulators approved to the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated syndromes. Despite the enlargement of the therapeutic armamentarium, IFNβ and GA remain the most widely drugs and the therapeutic mainstay of MS. Objective: To review the mechanisms of action of IFNβ and GA and main c...