Proposal of Ecotechnologies for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production in Mexico: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications

Conventional aquaculture (ACUA-C) in Mexico is an activity that maintains annual growth rate of 6%. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) the predominant country with 4623 farms, most which operate semi-intensive (SIS) and extensive (ES) production systems, discharging untreated wastewater negatively impacts environment. To address this problem, new ecotechnologies such as biofloc (BFT), recirculation systems for (RAS), constructed wetlands (CWs) water treatment, aquaponics (AS) have emerged to mitigate environmental wastewater. The objective work evaluate feasibility tilapia farming BFT, RAS, CW, AS through economic financial analysis, considering their social implications a Mexican farm located state Veracruz. Open interviews, direct observation, diagnosis system was carried out between 15 May 2019 February 2020 order calculate, design, theoretically four ecotechnological alternatives (TBF, AS). Economic (13), (10), (5) variables were applied, making use same facilities. results reveal implemented SIS are economically viable environmentally acceptable, especially management, addition being socially feasible. It concluded BFT offers alternative producer by having lower additional cost improve problems, despite possible complexity operation energy requirements manage treatment. technological transition recommended solve problem sustainable management.