Propagation-Loss Characterization for Livestock Implantables at (433, 868, 1400) MHz

Automated systems based on wearable sensors for livestock monitoring are becoming increasingly popular. Specifically, wireless in-body could yield relevant data, such as ruminal temperature. The collection of data requires an accurate characterization the in-to-out body channel between sensor and gateway. aim this study is to experimentally characterize in-to-out-body propagation loss cows horses at 433, 868, 1400 MHz. Measurements were conducted in vivo five different fistulated horse cadavers using specialized robust capsule antennas inside animals' abdomen. Next, antenna gain was deembedded from channel, obtained difference measured unobstructed line-of-sight path losses losses. measurements showed a (mean ± standard deviation) 30.8 4.1 dB, 44.5 4.8 54.2 4.7 dB MHz, respectively. For horses, 23.2 3.8 31.0 44.4 3.2 These results important determine range WBANs optimize network topology estimate associated cost large-scale systems.