Prepubertal Gynecomastia: Indirect Exposure to Estrogen Cream
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Prepubertal gynecomastia: indirect exposure to estrogen cream.
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical course of 3 prepubertal boys who presented with gynecomastia resulting from indirect exposure to a custom-compounded preparation of estrogen cream used by each child's mother. METHODOLOGY Each child was initially referred to the Children's Medical Center of Dallas' Endocrinology Center and followed for over 1 year. RESULTS All 3 boys presented with gynecom...
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Physiology and molecular mechanisms Gynecomastia is defined as the growth of the male mammary gland to become palpable and/or visible. During embryogenesis, the differentiation of the mammary gland and surrounding estroma, as well as the areola and the nipple, is similar in the two sexes. It is well established that estrogens stimulate breast growth. The production of estrogens during pregnancy...
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Prepubertal unilateral gynecomastia is an extremely rare condition. At present, its etiology and management strategy are not well known. Two unrelated prepubertal boys of ages 8 and 9 who presented with complaints of unilateral enlargement of breast tissue are reported. Physical examination, biochemical, hormonal and oncologic work-up findings were normal. Both patients were treated with periph...
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Gynecomastia is defined as the excessive development of breast tissue in males, which can occur as unilateral or bilateral. Although the overall prevalence of gynecomastia is 40%-65%, the prepubertal unilateral gynecomastia in the absence of endocrine abnormalities is unusual, with only a few case reports in literature. Idiopathic gynecomastia in prepuberty is benign but a diagnosis of exclusio...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Pediatrics
سال: 2000
ISSN: 0031-4005,1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.105.4.e55