Modeling of interfacial flows based on an explicit volume diffusion concept

A novel volume of fluid (VoF) model called explicit diffusion (EVD) is developed for the simulation interfacial flows, including those with turbulence and primary spray atomization. It derived by averaging VoF equations over an explicit, physically-defined length scale. Fluctuations at sub-volume scales, which can arise due to interface dynamics or turbulence, are attenuated process their effects appear in unclosed terms representing flux, stress, averaged surface tension force. Models proposed each these. The flux closed a gradient involves coefficient, that is, linked stress closure introduces viscosity be augmented turbulent flows. force based on fractal representation wrinkled interface. To test closures individually EVD overall, series two-dimensional laminar three-dimensional shear flows laboratory-scale airblast jet considered. Numerical convergence demonstrated keeping scale constant while refining numerical grid such diminishes becomes overwhelmed diffusion. Sensitivity analyses also conducted variations may boundary layer thickness light side