Mixed Integer Linear Program model for optimized scheduling of a vanadium redox flow battery with variable efficiencies, capacity fade, and electrolyte maintenance

Redox Flow Batteries are a promising option for large-scale stationary energy storage. The vanadium redox flow battery is the most widely commercialized system thanks to its chemical stability and performance. This work aims optimize scheduling of that stores produced by renewable power plant, keeping into account thorough characterization performance, with variable efficiencies capacity fade effects. A detailed performance improves calculation optimal number cycles revenue associated use if compared results obtained using simpler models, which take constant no presented problem nonlinear due functions efficiency, depend upon charging discharging powers state charge nonlinear, non-convex correlations. linearized convex hulls. optimization program also calculates progressive undesired secondary electrochemical reactions economic impact restoration through periodic maintenance. final solved as Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) guarantee global optimality problem. proposed model has been applied two different case studies: arbitrage load-shifting. have those efficiency do not consider Results show models overestimate up 15% they degradation battery, respectively 32% 42% assume battery.