Investigating scent communication and latrine use to inform translocation of the Tasmanian devil

Abstract Translocation programs for endangered mammalian carnivores face numerous challenges, including the potential lethal interactions between releasees and resident conspecifics. Here we evaluate whether familiarizing residents with scent of might be an effective strategy reducing aggression following Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) translocation. devils live in loose social networks which have overlapping home ranges use communal latrines. In a controlled ex situ experiment, first found that readily distinguished feces familiar unfamiliar Next, swapped slated release wild devils, seeding random half latrines releasee prior to their release, used motion-activated video cameras record visits. Wild visitation frequency olfactory communication behaviors initially increased at experimental latrine sites where were deposited but not control sites. After translocated both types spent more time investigating sites, investigatory scent-marking decreased, suggesting they had become through scent. We further show are strongly associated ecotones presence shrubs. These findings contribute our understanding ecology suggest translocations conducted into existing populations would benefit from familiarization manipulation. More broadly, results important role carnivore translocation programs. Significance statement A conservation management action is being trialed breed human care reinforce dwindling small However, limited interactions, may interact aggressively, increasing injury success. Scent nearly ubiquitous mammals prerequisite aggression. Almost nothing known about ecology. Our discovery familiarized conspecifics feces, combined exposed advance reduced interest scent-seeded latrines, even after new released, suggests relocation exhibit provide avenue improving success other at-risk solitary carnivores.