Intramuscular dimethyl trisulfide: efficacy in a large swine model of acute severe cyanide toxicity

Intraosseous versus intravenous infusion of hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of acute severe cyanide toxicity in a Swine model.

OBJECTIVES Easily administrated cyanide antidotes are needed for first responders, military troops, and emergency department staff after cyanide exposure in mass casualty incidents or due to smoke inhalation during fires involving many victims. Hydroxocobalamin has proven to be an effective antidote, but cannot be given intramuscularly because the volume of diluent needed is too large. Thus, in...

Intramuscular cobinamide sulfite in a rabbit model of sublethal cyanide toxicity.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Exposure to cyanide in fires and industrial exposures and intentional cyanide poisoning by terrorists leading to mass casualties is an ongoing threat. Current treatments for cyanide poisoning must be administered intravenously, and no rapid treatment methods are available for mass casualty cyanide exposures. Cobinamide is a cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) analog with an extraordinaril...

Hydroxocobalamin versus sodium thiosulfate for the treatment of acute cyanide toxicity in a swine (Sus scrofa) model.

STUDY OBJECTIVE We compare the efficacy of hydroxocobalamin to sodium thiosulfate to reverse the depressive effects on mean arterial pressure in a swine model of acute cyanide toxicity and gain a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the hydroxocobalamin in reversal of the toxicity. METHODS Swine were intubated, anesthetized, and instrumented with central arterial and venous line...

An outbreak of acute swine erysipelase in a herd

Sealing Effects on the Storage Stability of the Cyanide Antidotal Candidate, Dimethyl Trisulfide

BACKGROUND Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a highly lipid-soluble cyanide (CN) antidote candidate molecule. In prior studies with various US FDA-approved co-solvents, surfactants, and their combinations, aqueous solutions containing 15% polysorbate 80 (Poly80) were found to effectively solubilize DMTS in formulations for intramuscular administration. However, DMTS formulated in 15% aqueous Poly80...