Interpretation of observational studies

Interpretation of observational studies.

Correspondence to: Dr Peter Jepsen, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; pj@soci. au.dk _________________________ T he aim of this paper is to review the most important methodological strengths and limitations of observational studies of humans, as opposed to experimental studies. The names ‘‘observational’’ and ‘‘experi...

Correct sampling in observational studies.

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Observational interpretation of Casl specifications

MICHEL BIDOIT†, DONALD SANNELLA‡ and ANDRZEJ TARLECKI§ † Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification, CNRS & ENS de Cachan, France Website: www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/~bidoit/ ‡ Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, UK Website: homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/dts/ § Institute of Informatics, Warsaw University, and Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, War...

Observational Completeness on Abstract Interpretation

In the theory of abstract interpretation, a domain is complete when abstract computations are as precise as concrete computations. In addition to the standard notion of completeness, we introduce the concept of observational completeness. A domain is observationally complete for an observable π when abstract computations are as precise as concrete computations, if we only look at properties in ...

Evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness A guide to the design and interpretation of observational studies