Intercropping of Cauliflower with Lettuce Is More Effective for Sustainable Fertilizer Management and Minimizing Environmental Risks

Intercropping systems are one of the sustainable agricultural models as they play an important role in protecting soil fertility, efficient use resources, maintaining stable yields, and reducing effectiveness diseases pests. The aim this study was to investigate effects intercropping (IC) cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) with leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa crispa) on yield quality parameters evaluate overall productivity system under different nitrogen fertilization rates (160, 200, 240 kg N ha−1). Our results showed that chlorophyll value (SPAD), plant weight, head diameter, height, total were found increase dose increased both monocropping (MC) IC systems. most fertilizer doses for 234.7 ha−1 MC 176.6 IC, respectively. When used (cauliflower lettuce) higher than same area amount. land equivalent ratio (LER) values greater 1 at all rates, which indicated more productive unit land. findings also effective method efficiency organic matter, content, available P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu. In conclusion, while did not adversely affect cauliflower, it enabled harvesting plants from by using amount fertilizer, makes a sustainable, economical, ecological model increases land-use fertilizer-use efficiencies.