Indigo---the Crop that Created History and then Itself Became History

History repeats itself.

To the Editor: In a recent issue of Circulation, Zaman et al1 report a model for the preoperative risk stratification of patients at risk for developing atrial fibrillation (AF) after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). They studied 326 patients prospectively and demonstrated that prolonged signal-averaged P-wave duration (SAPD), advanced age, and male sex identified patients at a ...

Garments fire: history repeats itself.

One hundred years after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City that caused the death of 146 garment workers, a garment fire on November 24, 2012 in Bangladesh resulted in 111 deaths under remarkably similar circumstances. The majority of these workers were also young women, economically disadvantaged, migrants, and, by any definition, vulnerable. Fires have been a persistent prob...

Does history repeat itself in medicine?

romantic education:reading william wordsworths the prelude in the light of the history of ideas

عصر روشنگری زمان شکل گیری ایده های مدرن تربیتی- آموزشی بود اما تاکید بیش از اندازه ی دوشاخه مهم فلسفی زمان یعنی عقل گرایی و حس گرایی بر دقت و وضوح، انسان عصر روشنگری را نسبت به دیگر تواناییهایش نابینا کرده و موجب به وجود آمدن افرادی تک بعدی شد که افتخارعقلانیتشان، تاکید شان بر تجربه فردی، به مبارزه طلبیدن منطق نیاکانشان وافسون زدایی شان از دنیا وتمام آنچه با حواس پنجگانه قابل درک نبوده و یا در ...

Now and then, the history of parenteral fluid administration.

The use of blood and intravenous fluid therapy is now considered routine therapy. The level of sophistication that we now perceive as standard has resulted from centuries of legends, religious beliefs, pseudo-science, non-scientific supposition, experimentation and error. The purpose of this article is to review the evolution of parenteral fluid and transfusion therapy through history. Data wer...