Human Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Individual Differences in AMY1 Gene Copy Number, Salivary α-Amylase Levels, and the Perception of Oral Starch
BACKGROUND The digestion of dietary starch in humans is initiated by salivary α-amylase, an endo-enzyme that hydrolyzes starch into maltose, maltotriose and larger oligosaccharides. Salivary amylase accounts for 40 to 50% of protein in human saliva and rapidly alters the physical properties of starch. Importantly, the quantity and enzymatic activity of salivary amylase show significant individu...
متن کاملObesity, starch digestion and amylase: association between copy number variants at human salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase genes
The human salivary amylase genes display extensive copy number variation (CNV), and recent work has implicated this variation in adaptation to starch-rich diets, and in association with body mass index. In this work, we use paralogue ratio tests, microsatellite analysis, read depth and fibre-FISH to demonstrate that human amylase CNV is not a smooth continuum, but is instead partitioned into di...
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AIMS Salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number variations (CNVs) correlate directly with salivary amylase activity and serum amylase levels. Previously, individuals with high AMY1 CNVs exhibited low postprandial glucose levels and postprandial early insulin surge, suggesting that high AMY1 gene copy numbers may play a role in lowering the risk of insulin resistance. METHODS We verified the rel...
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In an effort to better understand the ancestral state of the human distal gut microbiome, we examine feces retrieved from archaeological contexts (coprolites). To accomplish this, we pyrosequenced the 16S rDNA V3 region from duplicate coprolite samples recovered from three archaeological sites, each representing a different depositional environment: Hinds Cave (~8000 years B.P.) in the southern...
متن کاملInterstrain variation in amylase gene copy number and mRNA abundance in three mouse tissues.
Amylase expression in strain YBR differs in several respects from the standard mouse phenotype. The synthesis of salivary amylase is elevated twofold in YBR mice and the synthesis of pancreatic amylase is reduced to one-half the normal rate. We have compared the concentrations of amylase mRNA in the parotid, liver and pancreas of YBR mice with those in strains A/J and C3H. We observed differenc...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cell Host & Microbe
سال: 2019
ISSN: 1931-3128
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.03.001