How Long Are Sayings?

How Many Good Programs are There? How Long are They?

We model the distribution of functions implemented by non-recursive programs, similar to linear genetic programming (GP). Most functions are constants, the remainder are mostly parsimonious. The effect of ad-hoc rules on GP are described and new heuristics are proposed. Bounds on how long programs need to be before the distribution of their functionality is close to its limiting distribution ar...

How Long Are Product Cycles?

In this paper I identify new goods in U.S. imports data at the product levels of 7-digit TSUSA or 10-digit HS codes. I show that consistent with product cycles, the North’s new goods exports relative to old goods exports grow faster than the South’s, and then the South catches up with the North. The catch-up takes 13 ~ 18 years and happens in the 1990s, an age of globalization and outsourcing. ...

Food Taxes: How Likely Are Likely Effects?

Pnm-19: How Are Prenatal Screening Results after ART Success?

Background Down syndrome screening at first-trimester may cause a higher false positive rate in pregnant patients who have undergone assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Combining the second largest series of biophysical and biochemical tests in the first trimester of pregnancy after ART is mentioned in few studies. MaterialsAndMethods Ghisoni et al explored that NT measurement between ART...

How are postural strategies modified along the time?

Postural control is critical for effective performance of all goal-directed activities. For maintenance of postural equilibrium against gravity and environmental disturbances, central nervous system produces centrally organized patterns of muscle activity based on initial conditions, perturbation characteristics, learning and intention. These organized strategies are called "postural strategies...