Hot fluids and cold crusts

Cold and hot.

Hot & Cold Working

Q.1. What is hot working ? State its principles, advantages and disadvantages. Ans. Mechanical working of metals above its recrystallisation temperature is known as hot working. Advantages : 1. Larger deformation can be accomplished and more rapidly by hot working since the metal is in plastic state. 2. Porosity of the metal is considerably minimised. 3. Concentrated impurities, if any in the m...

The Hot and Cold Spots in the Wmap Data Are Not Hot and Cold Enough

This paper presents a frequentist analysis of the hot and cold spots of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data collected by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). We compare the WMAP temperature statistics of extrema (number of extrema, mean excursion, variance, skewness and kurtosis of the excursion) to Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that, on average, the local maxima (high tem...

Symmetry in cold-to-hot and hot-to-cold valuation gaps.

Individuals commonly mispredict their future preferences when they make decisions in a visceral state different from their anticipated state at consumption. In the research reported here, we asked subjects to bid on different foods while exogenously varying their hunger levels at the time of decision and at the time of consumption. This procedure allowed us to test whether cold-to-hot and hot-t...

Leeches run cold, then hot.

Food processing is costly, potentially limiting the energy and time devoted to other essential functions such as locomotion or reproduction. In ectotherms, post-prandial thermophily, the selection of a warm environmental temperature after feeding, may be advantageous in minimizing the duration of this elevated cost. Although present in many vertebrate taxa, this behaviour had not previously bee...