Giving or giving back: New psychosocial insights from sperm donors in France

Giving back.

It still wasn’t easy, though. “I always had to worry about finances even with the financial assistance,” she said in answer to questions about how financial assistance helped her manage her finances and concentrate on her studies. “In receiving financial assistance I was able to let go of one of the part-time jobs I had, giving me more time to study. My hope is that this scholarship will help o...

Giving Versus Giving In

Altruism is central to organizational and social life, but its motivations are not well understood. We propose a new theoretical distinction that sorts these motivations into two basic types: “giving” indicates prosocial behaviors in which one willingly engages, while “giving in” indicates prosocial behavior in which one reluctantly engages, often in response to social pressure or obligation. U...

Giving carditis back to the heart.

Giving something back to the authors.

For centuries scientific publishing has worked on a bizarre economic model: the real producers of the raw material, the researchers, have received no direct payment for their work. In return for publication they have received exposure, " findability " (thanks to bibliographical databases provided by others), and the " imprimatur " of peer review. Because peer review is an imperfect process, 1 e...

Giving Permission Implies Giving Choice

This article presents the formalisation of the weak and strong permission in deontic logic based on the logic of enactment. A permission that follows from the absence of a prohibition, we call a weak permission; this permission is not enacted. A strong permission is always enacted (implicitly or explicitly), and implies a giving choice. The distinction between these two types of permission is a...