Evaluation of Habitat Suitability for Asian Elephants in Sipsongpanna under Climate Change by Coupling Multi-Source Remote Sensing Products with MaxEnt Model

The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus Linnaeus) is a globally endangered species, an internationally protected and first-class animal in China. However, future climate change human activities exacerbate the instability of its habitat range, leading to possible reduction range. By using multi-source remote sensing data products, as well models, including ASTER GDEM v3, Landsat8 OLI image ClimateAP, we examined effects ecological factors related natural anthropogenic influences on distribution elephants Sipsongpanna. Multiyear field tracking were used with MaxEnt species model model. First, potentially suitable areas Sipsongpanna was simulated under current climatic conditions without considering activities. predicted verified by existing migration trajectories. Subsequently, for two scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) three periods (2025, 2055, 2085). changes analyzed multiple (2017) different results show following: (1) interference (AI), optimal has high prediction accuracy area curve (AUC) 0.913. feature combination (FC) includes linear, quadratic, threshold features, regularization multiplier (RM) 2.1. (2) Jackknife analyses non-anthropogenic (NAI) (AI) indicate that topography (altitude (Alt)), temperature (mean warmest month (MWMT)), precipitation annual (MAP)) are top influencing elephants. (3) total AI accounts 46.35% area. Areas suitability (occurrence probability >0.5) located Jinghong City central Mengla County southeastern Among them, minimum range corridors mainly Mengman Town, Mohan Mengban Township, Dadugang Mengwang Township. (4) between small large undisturbed conditions.