Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment of Biomass Pellets Biofuel in Hazara Division, Pakistan

A thorough life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to determine whether wood pellets were a viable substitute for non-renewable fuels like oil and gas, especially heating. To evaluate the properties of their effects on environment, study in Hazara division Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. few factors investigated, including carbon water footprints identification potential growth opportunities production pellets. One kilogram served as analysis reference unit. Raw materials obtained from sawmills furniture stores make Sawdust, bio binder, lubricating used process along with pelletizer machine. SimaPro 9.2 software environmental footprint several effects, eutrophication, ozone depletion, abiotic rusting, human toxicity, aquatic ecotoxicity. The highest contribution shown by produced softwood sawdust 149.8558 marine study’s findings showed that using during significantly affected overall results. characterization Higher heating Values (HHV) resulted burning made Melia azedarach 24.79 MJ/kg. Softwood mixed species recorded damage impact 0.186 CO2 e. With 3.84 × 10−7 DALY (disability-adjusted years) measurement, health among categories. In terms cost, producing one priced at 22 PKR, lowest assessed species. cost 26 PKR associated Parthenium hysterophorus Diospyros lotus.