Create Rich Oxygen Defects of Unique Tubular Hierarchical Molybdenum Dioxide to Modulate Electron Transfer Rate for Superior High?Energy Metal?Ion Hybrid Capacitor

Metal-ion capacitors could merit advantages from both batteries and capacitors, but they need to overcome the severe restrictions their sluggish reaction kinetics of battery type electrode low specific capacitance capacitor for high energy power density. Herein, we use Kirkendall effect first time synthesize unique tubular hierarchical molybdenum dioxide with encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon sheets while in situ realizing phosphorus-doping create rich oxygen vacancies (P-MoO2-x@NP-C) as a sodium-ion electrode. Experimental theoretical analysis confirm that P-doping introduced defects can partially convert high-bond-energy Mo–O low-bond-energy Mo–P, resulting oxidation state enhanced surface reactivity rapid kinetics. The as-prepared P-MoO2-x@NP-C an ion-battery is further used pair active N-doped nanosheet (N-C-A) Na-ion hybrid capacitor, delivering excellent performance density 140.3 Wh kg?1, 188.5 W kg?1 long stable life non-aqueous solution, which ranks best among all reported MoOx-based capacitors. also fabricate zinc-ion accomplishing remarkable 43.8 93.9 [email protected] g?1 32 000 cycles aqueous solutions, solidly verifying its universal significance. This work not only demonstrates innovative approach high-performance metal ion materials reveals certain scientific insights into electron transfer enhancement mechanisms.