A Spectroscopic Approach to Evaluate the Effects of Different Soil Tillage Methods and Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on the Biochemical Composition of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Leaves and Caryopses

The agricultural sector is required to produce food at the same pace as population growth, while accounting for pollution and costs. For this reason, conservative practices have been employed worldwide. Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has ability provide a snapshot of macromolecular composition sample in timely cost-effective way it widely applied field agriculture assess quality. aim study was exploit ATR-FTIR impact different soil tillage methods (conventional tillage, CT; minimum MT, no NT) nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 90 180 kg N ha−1) on leaves caryopses durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum). analysis spectral data revealed that quality wheat, terms protein content, grown with not reduced. Indeed, regards caryopses, influenced only lipid hemicellulose whereas sensitive mostly during early stage growth. Moreover, relevant effects were found when fertilizer concentrations used. These results important knowledge supporting adoption both no-tillage treatments reduced dosage development management strategies support use practices.